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The Portugués Dam (Spanish: ''Represa Portugués'') is a roller-compacted concrete thick arch dam on the Portugués River, three miles (5 km) northwest of the city Ponce, in Barrio Tibes, Ponce, Puerto Rico.〔(Website of the Municipality of Ponce. Descubrelo > Recursos Naturales. )〕 Construction on the dam began in April 2008, soon after the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District awarded the Spanish firm Dragados USA, a division of Grupo ACS, with a $180 million contract in March 2008 to build the dam.〔(''No se detiene la Represa Portugués.'' ) Jason Rodríguez Grafal. La Perla del Sur. Ponce, Puerto Rico. Retrieved 25 April 2011.〕 The primary purpose of the dam is flood control, it provides flood protection for 40,000 people and over 13,000 residential structures. The dam is the final component of the Portugués and Bucana Flood Protection Project and the first dam of its type constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the United States or Caribbean. The final cost of the dam is estimated at $375 million; 75% is funded by the U.S. Government and 25% by the Government of Puerto Rico.〔(USACE Portugues Dam Brochure - April 2009 )〕 It is the first dam ever built in the United States that uses the single-centered roller-compacted concrete thick arch technique.〔〔(''Proyecto de año: Represa Portugues, Construccion con Ingenieria Extrema.'' ) Planos y Capacetes. May-Jun 2011. Page 10. Retrieved 28 August 2013.〕 An estimated inauguration date of October 2013 was announced in 2011 but was not met.〔〔(''A punto de caramelo la represa Portugués.'' ) Reinaldo Millán. La Perla del Sur. Ponce, Puerto Rico. Year 31. Issue 1528. Page 12. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.〕 Subsequently, an inauguration date of 28 January 2014 was also announced.〔(''A punto de caramelo la represa Portugués.'' ) Reinaldo Millán. La Perla del Sur. Ponce, Puerto Rico. (Printed Edition: Title: A pesar del cierre federal: A punto de caramelo la represa Portugués; Date: 16 October 2013; Year: 31; Issue: 1559. Page: 20.) Retrieved 16 October 2013.〕 The dam was structurally completed in December 2013 and inaugurated on 5 February 2014. The dam is operated by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources.〔 ==History and construction== Since the 1970s, The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) had been investigating a site to build the Portugués Dam. Despite the many different geographic challenges, the USACE was able to choose a suitable dam location and double-curvature thin arch dam design in the 1980s. In the 1990s, foundation test grouting and foundation curtain grouting along with the excavation of of material for the left and right abutments took place.〔 When the dam was advertised for construction in 2000, only one proposal that was above government budget was received. To reduce costs, a five-year technical review program was developed in order to investigate new, cheaper designs for the dam. The program resulted in a lower cost design, switching from the double-curvature thin arch to a single-centered roller-compacted concrete thick arch. Proposals for the dam were requested in 2007 and Dragados USA was awarded with a $180 million contract in March 2008 to finish the dam project.〔 Construction on the dam began in April 2008 and will consist of five-phases. Phase 1, at a cost of $24.5 Million, includes the mobilization, clearing, quarry overburden excavation, power-line relocation activities; Phase 2, costing $47.6 Million involves the foundation excavation, aggregate production, dental concrete chores; Phase 3, budgeted at $37.3 Million, comprises the aggregate production, and ½ dam RCC placement tasks; Phase 4, at $41.1 Million, involves the final dam RCC placement, the spillway, and the intake structure jobs; and Phase 5, at a cost of $29.7 Million includes the remaining items, such as the valve house, the access road, and mechanical and electrical structures.〔(USACE Portuguese Dam Construction - July 2009 )〕 As of March 2011, Phase 3 work was underway and the project was 48% complete. The rolled-compacted concrete production facilities had been completed, 700,500 tons of aggregate (for use in concrete) had been produced while foundation preparation continued. RCC placement was placed in of dam. Construction was initially expected to be completed by 2012,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.saj.usace.army.mil/Divisions/ProgramProjectMgt/Branches/CoastNavAnt/Antilles_PortuguesDam.htm )〕 but was later postponed.〔 In December 2013 the dam was completed and its inauguration occurred on 5 February 2014. After the reservoir is filled and the dam tested, it is expected to be operational in early 2015.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Portugués Dam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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